PHP Logical Operators

Logical operators combine multiple boolean expressions. They're essential for creating complex conditions in if statements, loops, and other control structures!

Logical Operators Overview

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AND Operator (&&)

Returns true only if BOTH conditions are true:

<?php
$age = 25;
$hasLicense = true;

if ($age >= 18 && $hasLicense) {
    echo "Can drive!";
}

// Truth table for AND
var_dump(true && true);    // true
var_dump(true && false);   // false
var_dump(false && true);   // false
var_dump(false && false);  // false
?>

OR Operator (||)

Returns true if AT LEAST ONE condition is true:

<?php
$isWeekend = true;
$isHoliday = false;

if ($isWeekend || $isHoliday) {
    echo "Day off!";
}

// Truth table for OR
var_dump(true || true);    // true
var_dump(true || false);   // true
var_dump(false || true);   // true
var_dump(false || false);  // false
?>

NOT Operator (!)

Inverts a boolean value:

<?php
$isLoggedIn = false;

if (!$isLoggedIn) {
    echo "Please log in";
}

var_dump(!true);   // false
var_dump(!false);  // true
?>

Short-Circuit Evaluation

<?php
// Second condition never evaluated
false && expensiveFunction();  // expensiveFunction() not called

// Second condition never evaluated
true || expensiveFunction();   // expensiveFunction() not called
?>

Summary

What's Next?

Next, we'll learn about Increment and Decrement Operators - shortcuts for adding or subtracting 1 from variables!