💧 Fluids – Statics (Hydrostatics)

Pressure, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, Archimedes' principle, Pascal's law

P = F/A P = P₀ + ρgh F_b = ρVg Pascal's law
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💡 Fluid statics

Fluid statics (hydrostatics) studies fluids at rest. Pressure increases with depth due to weight of fluid above. Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid (Archimedes' principle). Pascal's law: pressure is transmitted undiminished in confined fluids.

Fluid statics calculators

Pressure, buoyancy, Archimedes, Pascal

Force (F)
Area (A)
Pressure
100 kPa
Atmospheric pressure (P₀)
Density (ρ)
Depth (h)
Hydrostatic Pressure
199.3 kPa
Fluid density (ρ_fluid)
Submerged volume (V_sub)
Buoyant Force
9.81 N
Mass (m)
Fluid density (ρ_fluid)
Object volume (V)
Apparent Weight
0.00 N
Force 1 (F₁)
Area 1 (A₁)
Area 2 (A₂)
Force 2 (F₂)
10.0 kN

💧 Fluid statics visualization

🧮Step-by-Step Solution▼ Show
Concept Formula Notes / Units / Conditions
Pressure definition P = F / A Pascal (Pa = N/m²)
Hydrostatic pressure P = P₀ + ρ g h Pressure increases with depth
Pressure difference ΔP = ρ g Δh Independent of shape of container
Archimedes' Principle F_b = ρ_fluid V_sub g Upthrust = weight of displaced fluid
Apparent weight in fluid W_app = mg − ρ_fluid V g V = volume of object
Condition for floating ρ_object ≤ ρ_fluid Weight = buoyant force
Pascal's Law F₂ / F₁ = A₂ / A₁ Hydraulic lift
Density by U-tube ρ₂ / ρ₁ = h₁ / h₂ Manometer / U-tube manometer

About Fluid Statics

Fluid statics (hydrostatics) studies fluids at rest. Pressure is force per unit area. Pressure increases with depth due to the weight of fluid above.

Pressure and Hydrostatic Pressure

Pressure (P) = Force per unit area = F/A. Units: Pascal (Pa = N/m²).

Hydrostatic pressure P = P₀ + ρgh, where P₀ is atmospheric pressure, ρ is fluid density, g = 9.8 m/s², and h is depth. Pressure increases linearly with depth, independent of container shape.

Archimedes' Principle

Buoyant force F_b = ρ_fluid V_sub g, where V_sub is volume of fluid displaced. The buoyant force equals the weight of displaced fluid. Objects float if ρ_object ≤ ρ_fluid.

Pascal's Law

Pascal's law: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. Hydraulic lift: F₂/F₁ = A₂/A₁. Small force on small area creates large force on large area.

Apparent Weight

Apparent weight W_app = mg − F_b = mg − ρ_fluid V g. Weight appears reduced in fluid due to buoyant force. If ρ_object < ρ_fluid, object floats; if ρ_object > ρ_fluid, object sinks.